Famílias de insetos edáficos e registro de Xyleborus affinis em plantio comercial de coqueiro no município de Santa isabel do Pará, PA.

Abstract

Coconut farming is directly affected by the action of insects, being they, decomposers, pests and \ or natural enemies. Therefore, it is important to know the local entomofauna, to know whether there is a balance between these groups of insects. The objective of the study was to carry out two studies, the first objective was to know and compare an edaphic entomofauna associated to the commercial coconut farming trees and the second one was to report the attack of Coleoptera borer Xyleborus affinis on coconut palm plantations, both in the county of Santa Isabel do Pará -PA. For this, pitfall traps inserted in seven plots of different ages of planting (named from A2 to A8) and an arca of ciliary forest (named Al), monitored in the dry and rainy amazonian period. For the Coleoptera borer study, were verified the presence of the insect Xyleborus affinis on symptomatic plantsThrough the Euclidean distance the arcas were grouped, differentiating insect families from dry and rainy periods. In the comparative analyzes between arcas at each climatic period, abundances and diversities were measured by the qualitativo binary method using Jaccard's similiarity index and quantitativo analysis using the Bray-Curtis index, respectively. To complement the results, ecological analyzes were performed: Shannon index (H '), Simpson index (D) and Pielou index (T). A total of 252,313 individuais, belonging to 118 different families, divided into nine orders were reported. There was a dominance of the family Formicidae in both climatic periods, followed by the most frequent families: Drosophilidae, Staphylinidae, Bostrichidae, Phoridae, Nitidulidae, Scolytidae, Tenebrionidae, Scarabaeidae, Ceratopogomidae, Platyogastridae and Gryllidae. When analyzing the differences between areas, the ciliary forest (Al) presented greater diversity and a lower species dominance. The areas with the highest qualitativo similarity and diversity were A2 and A3 in the dry period, and A4, A6 and A7 in the rainy season. Areas A5 and A8 had greater quantitativo similarity, greater dominance, less equitability and less abundance of families in the two seasons, being Formicidae the most abundant. Seasonality influenced the flow of insects, observing a larger number of specimens and fewer families in the dry period, the presence of Xyleborus affinis in the coconut plantations was verified..