Famílias de insetos aéreos e dinâmica espaço-temporal de Haplaxius crudus (Van Duzee), 1907 (Hemiptera: cixiidae) associados a plantios comerciais de coqueiro no município de Santa Isabel do Pará- PA.

Abstract

Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) is a tropical crop of high productivity, present in practically the entire tropical zone of the terrestrial globe. It has great socioeconomic importance worldwide due to its versatility, offering a remarkable variety of products in the most different sectors of the trade. Cocoa cultivation has recently shown a decrease in production, in large part the reason for this deficit lies in the major phytosanitary barriers that have become a limiting factor for their cultivation. The objective was to identify and compare the composition and structure of aerial insect communities through similarity analysis in areas with different ages, sizes and environmental conditions in two rainfall regimes and to analyze the spatial dynamics and population fluctuation of Haplaxius crudus with assistance of geostatistics. The study was conducted in a commercial coconut plantation belonging to the company Sococo Agroindústria da Amazônia, located in the municipality of Santa Isabel do Pará-PA, with the use of 40 yellow panel-type adhesive traps installed at the base of the canopy of the plants in each area of the experiment, 8 coconut plantation plots that differed for planting times, area size and environmental conditions were also installed in a riparian forest area for comparative purposes. A multivariate analysis method (Cluster analisys) was used to form community clusters to evaluate the similarity between plots and insect families. The plants sampled in the experiment were georeferenced with the purpose of obtaining their geographic coordinates for the geostatistical analysis. During the whole sampling period, a total of 62,722 insects distributed in 117 families belonging to 12 orders were collected in the dry and rainy periods. A total of 26,540 collected specimens belonging to 48 families and 8 orders were observed in the dry period. The greatest similarities were between the plots J161 x J153, both adjacent to a pond, followed by M154 x J153, whose first plot is crossed by a strip of forest. In the rainy season, a relatively greater number of specimens collected, about 34% more than in the dry period, were found in 35,572 distributed among 52 families of 12 different orders, with the most abundant areas being H121, followed by J161 and H103. In contrast to the collection of Haplaxius crudus it was also noted that the meteorological factors showed a correlation with the total of insects, positive for the temperature, expressed as 0.733 and negative for the precipitation, evidenced by -0,606, demonstrating that the increase in temperature is favorable to population growth, as well as increased rainfall has contributed to the decline in the population of the spittlebug. It was concluded that the spatial distribution of Haplaxius crudus presented an aggregate pattern, explained by the spherical model. It was also concluded that the similarity between the older planting areas and the ciliary forest is greater than with the younger plantings. Rainfall and temperature have an important influence on the diversity, abundance and richness of the community of aerial insects in coconut plantations in the municipality of Santa Isabel do Pará-PA.