A herpetofauna de colares: identificação de taxa, etnozoologia e acidentes ofídicos ocorridos em Colares, Pará, Amazônia Oriental.

Abstract

The Amazon has rich biodiversity of flora and fauna, widely used resources by local people in their daily lives. Among the faunal groups of utmost importance for the Amazonian then reptiles and amphibians, animais has decreased considerably in the region by several factors, including habitat loss and overexploitation for several purposes. Based on the premise that ethnoecological studies and herpetofaunísticos extend the understanding of reptiles and amphibians, aid in their conservation and elucidate its role in the life of the people (human) in the humid tropics, this study conducted in island Colares-Pará aimed to characterize the etnoherpetológicas relations and the organization/structure of hunting practices on the island. For this, there was collection of local herpetofauna specimens from quick survey of fauna (active search limited by time, pitfall traps with drop type Pitfall collection by third parties and occasional collections), interviews and semi-structured questionnaires to local hunters, in addition to collecting data on snake bites occurred in the city and recorded in notification forms of the National Notifications and Disability System (SINAN ) January 2007 to December 2011. We recorded 299 species of herpetofauna, belonging to 25 species, 9 species of frogs, 8 species of lizards, 6 species of snakes and 2 species of turtles. Among the collected herpetofaunísticos groups, amphibians were the most representative, accounting for 36% of ali sampled species, of which Physalaemus ephippifer (24%), Adenomera hylaedactylus (19%) and Adenomera andreae (19%) were the species with greater number of collected specimens. We interviewed 50 informants considered by community leaders as hunters and legitimized as such at the time of the interviews, ali male, with an average of 49 years old. According to the data, hunting is carried out in at least 19 rural villages that make up the necklaces-PA municipality, and employed techniques swept, waiting and hunting dog. Mammals, birds and reptiles are hunted, and the paca the preferred animal due to the capture of case and flavor of the meat. The main purpose of hunting / collection of reptiles is the power and the aperema (Rinoclemys punctularia) is the most hunted reptile for this purpose (82%; n = 41). As for the other uses of the herpetofauna, the reptilian lard was the only product used in traditional medicine, and lard Chameleon (Iguana iguana) the most widespread among the population informants (38%; n = 19). The tooth crown alligator was the main product used as ritualistic / mystic / superstitious use by hunters (16%; n = 8) while indicating the bite protection snake and the tortoise (Chelonoidis sp), the aperema (R. punctularia) and the alligator reptiles were used as pets by Necklaces hunters. As for snakebites, 94 cases were reported, of which 69 (73%) were male and 25 (27%) in women, most students (20%; n = 19), with more than half of accidents during performing work (55%; n = 52). Most cases occurred in rural arcas (85%, n = 80) with the highest frequency in the community of Finance (10%; n = 10). The foot (51%; n = 48) was the most affected arca and the main snake wrapped was Bothrops (60% of cases). In 54% (n = 50) of records sent to SINAN was lack of filing, which denounces failures in the reporting system and point to urgent measures to improvements in currently used systems. These results confirm the importance of herpetofauna in the life of colarense population and form the basis for the idealization of lined conservation projects in the human-animal-nature relationship.