Levantamento de abelhas (Hymenoptera, Apidae) na Floresta Nacional do Tapirapé-Aquiri, Pará, Brasil.

Abstract

The bees belong the Order Hymenoptera and together with the wasps composes the super Family Apoidea. In Brazil, the fauna of bees is represented by five families with 1.576 species. The quantitatives studies involving communities of bees aimed to provide quantitativos and qualitativos informations, aim to organize the knowledge about the bees's associations, relations with the flowers, richness of species, relativo abundance and geographic distribution. In Amazônia, the studies made were insufficients and fragmentized. The bees are disappearing of the agricultures areas because of the introductions of exotics species, large arcas of the monoculture, deforestation of agriculture and pasture and, mainly fragmentation of habitats and the excessive use or wrong use of insecticides. This study had as objective of the contribution to increase of the diversity of bees in the state of Pará - Brazil, also as measure the abundance, richness those insects of National Forest of Tapirapé-Aquiri. The catch happened between the years of 2010 and 2011, in the implantation area of the Copper Mine of the Salobo Project, in two distincts areas (Influence Area II - waste barrage and Control Area Stream Mano - Stream Salobo) with the use of sweet smell (made from Cinamato of Metila, Eucaliptol, Eugenol, Salicilato of Metila and Vanilina) and entomologic net. The statistics analyses were made using the Shannon-Wiener index, Berger-Parker index, and uniformity of the Pielou and index of dominance of Simpson. As estimators of richness no parametics were used Jacknife 1 and 2, Chão 1 and 2, Bootstrap and the accumulations curve of species or Mao Tau, besides of variances analyses - ANOVA and dendrograma of similarities. Were collected 4.863 bees, 2.655 in the Control Area and 2.208 in the Influence Area, what showed the Partamona testacea specie as more caught (412). With the smelly sweet traps in a bottle were caught 1.969 bees, these 1.141 in the Control Area and 828 in the Influence Area II, belong to 64 species. From among the five sweet smelly substances used, the Eucaliptol, Salicilato Metila and Vanilina attracted a largest number of individual and species. Watching the quantitate of bees caught in the entomologic nets, was possible notice that were sampled 2.894 specimens, among which 1.514 in the Control Area and 1.368 from the Influence Area II in 54 species. The patterning of this research in this place, allowed us to register the occurrence of unpublished species in the estate of the Pará, which represents a great step in closing the gap of the shortage of scientific information in this part of Amazônia.