Socioeconomia e qualidade do solo em áreas nativas e cultivadas com açaizeiros no Estado do Pará.

Abstract

The present thesis aims to analyze the productive, social and economic aspects of açaí production in riparian communities, based on the three production systems adopted (extractivism, management and cultivation). The study was carried out in the Igarapé-Miri municipality in the Mamangal Islands and in the Uruá and Paruru Islands in the floodplain areas of the municipality of Abaetetuba, as well as in landfills located in the city of Abaetetuba-PA. We used interviews with direct participation of extractivist families, through questionnaires with semi - structured questions and the field explorations carried out, with photographic records and geographic coordinates. One hundred and seven producers were interviewed in their respective properties, being fifty in the island Uruá (community Nossa Senhora das Graças), fifty in the island Parur (community Paruru) and seven in mainland (city of Abaetetuba), as well as 52 in the Mamangal islands large and Mamangalzinho) in the municipality of Igarapé Miri. Intensive management in the floodplain areas has provided an increase in the production and income of the extractivists, due to the demand of the market due to the increase in demand, however causing changes in labor, cultural and social relations, as well as in the environment, in the face of the homogenization process of the açaí crop with the felling of other native species, aiming at increasing the production arca which will cause in the médium and long term socioenvironmental risks, threatening the sustainability of the floodplain ecosystem, with serious consequences in the production and productivity of the açaí trees. In the research properties, soil samples (Uruá, Paruru and Terra Firme) were collected for physical and chemical analyzes in order to determine the fertility of the soils under study.