Composição floristica e estudo químico da flora aromática na restinga da APA Algodoal/Maiandeu, Maracanã - PA, Brasil.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to extend the knowledge ofthe aromatic flora ofthe sandy coast ofthe State of Pará through the survey ofthe trees and shrubs stratum in a extent of 1.0 ha of restinga forest of the Environmental Protection Area Algodoal/Maiandeua, Maracanã (PA), and to contribute the knowledge of the chemical composition of essential oils of aromatic flora. The vegetation structure of this "restinga" forest was area was studied in accordance with the plot method of Mueller-Dombois and Ellenberg. Sixteen plots were drawn to 25 x 25m distributed as followed: four (4) plots established in the "restinga" of Maiandeua and twelve (12) plots in the "restinga" of Algodoal. In each plot were sampled individuais shrubs / trees with DAP > 5cm, height data and circumference, and the following phytosociological parameters were calculated: density, abundance, index of the importance value (IV), index of coverage value (CV), index value of similarity of Sorensen, Shannon index of diversity and equability. The 887 sampled individuais belonging to 33 families, 65 genera and 88 species, among them 19 species (21,6%) and 416 individuais (46,9%) were aromatic plants. In plots located in Maiandeua four aromatic showed the highest VC and VI, Anacardium occidentale, Myrcia fallax. Tapirira guianensis and Protium heptaphyllum, corresponding to 50, 96% do VI. Nas parcelas próximo lago Pricesa of 11 aromatic species sampled two Anacardium occidentale and Copaifera martii showed the highest VC and VI being those responsible by 53.31 % oftotal VI. In the plots located in the forest on sand dunes Two aromatic species corresponded 53.33 % ofthe VI, Tapirira guianensis, aná Anacardium occidentale and finally, plots located in the area of Rocinha four aromatic species represented 60.26 % of VI, Tapirira guianensis, Anacardium occidentale, Protium heptaphyllum and Aniba citrifolia. Diversity estimated by the Shannon index (Ef) ranged from 2.79 to 3.63. The floristic similarity between sampling sites was around 50 %. No significant difference in the number of aromatic species among the arcas surveyed. Thirty-one (31) essential oils from nineteen (19) species were obtained by hydrodistillation. The species that provide higher yields of oil were Myrcia multiflora (2.03 %), Eugenia flavescens (1.03 %) and Calycolpus goetheanus (1.15%). Ali oils obtained were characterized by the predominance of terpenes. Different chemical types were observed for Protium heptaphyllum, Calycolpus goetheanus. Eugenia flavescens, Myrcia fallax, Myrcia cuprea, Aniba citrifolia and Tapirira guianensis. The data revealed the occurrence of a diverse flora aromatic, with occurrence of different chemical types and oils have not yet described. Protium heptaphyllum was the only species collected in three arcas.