Agricultura urbana no município de Ananindeua (PA): análise socioeconômica e ambiental das práticas adotadas no bairro do Curuçambá.

Abstract

This research analyzes socioeconomics aspects, entrepreneurial skills, levels of technology adopted in the production systems and marketing strategies used in the context of urban farmers at the Curuçambá neighborhood (municipality of Ananindeua, state of Pará). Beyond that, because it treats about a study which involves the urban sphere and agriculture, was also studied aggravating factors (with emphasis about the criminality) generated by the urbanization process in the Amazonian cities that affects the production, commerce and entrepreneurship panorama of Urban and Periurban Agriculture (UPA) in the location. By the field survey, official documents and geoprocessing of images from the Google Satellite, were estimated the number of urban agriculture enterprises in the studied area. Thus, were identified a contingent of 120 business. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire with semi structured questions which was applied as interviews to the participant actors of the study, in the period of July to September of 2019. The sample was composed by 63 urban famers, being 23 members from Cooperativa dos Produtores da Gleba Guajará (COPG) and 40 producers not cooperated, accounting a representative sample of 52,50% of the universe. To analyses the data, were taking as a base the descriptive statistics methodologies such as frequency distribution (absolute, relative and relative accumulated) and average tests. Furthermore, also were analyzed the familiar per capita income and commercialization margins. The results demonstrate which the formation of urban agriculture located in the neighborhood has relation to the process of urbanization in Amazon, stimulated by the habitational politics of the military government during the 1970’s decade. This origin is evidencing by the presence of a population, predominantly, migrant, natives from the Brazilian northeast and the countryside of Pará State. In this community, about 63.5% of the interviewers has the maximum scholarity until the elementary school, with average mensal income from 1 to 2 basics salaries, coming mainly from the agricultural job (88.89% has agriculture as they main work). The agriculture at the location, generally, uses agricultural defensives and rudimental technologies to repose nutrients in the soil. Although were observed movements in the agricultural business to utilization of more upgraded technologies, such as the protected cultivation as tunnels, raised cultivation and greenhouse, beyond the implementation of systems that there has soil abstention as: aquaponics and hydroponics. The main items produced are fruity species, non-wood plants for food and small size animals, that are commercialized, mainly to intermediaries, merchants or transported to market-place at the Metropolitan Region of Belém as PAAR, Cidade Nova 4, Entroncamento and Ver-o-Peso. The commerce, in some cases, also is done by negotiation with public and private initiatives, such as the Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA), Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) and supermarkets. About the entrepreneur and management abilities, were analyzed that the accounting of the rural business is a factor extremely fragile and needs enhancement, being a limiting condition to the positive evolution of the enterprise. Related to the problems generated by the disorganized urbanization, the criminality has its effects, mainly, in the commercialization level. This factor influences the ways of sell, in highlighting to the commerce with intermediaries, and in cases, the possibilities of investment in techniques and technologies for the increase of the agricultural yield.