Estratégias de produção para abate de novilhos mestiços em condições de pastejo aos 22 meses de idade

Abstract

The objective evaluate the effects of different strategy of supplementation protein/energy and its impact on characteristics behavioral, nutritional, productive and economic of crossbreed steers in the phase termination, maintained on Brachiaria Brizantha. The experiment was conducted at the farm Princesa do Mateiro , in the municipality of Ribeirão of Largo, located in the region southwestern of Bahia, beginning in 28 of May, 2012 and terminating in 3 of March, 2013. Were used 22 steers dairy with a body weight average of 292,5 kg ± 15.77, distributed in a design complete randomized and each type of supplementation had 11 repetitions.The supplementations were: S1 = 1 Supplementation protein/energy in dried with 0,2% BW and waters with salt mineral; S2 = 2 Supplementation protein / energy in dried with 0,6% BW and the water environment with 0,4 % of PC. Was performed behavior assessment in seventh period trial, being made observations every five minutes for a period of 48 hours. The consumo, digestibility apparent, performance and characteristics physical of the carcass were measured. The variables studied were interpreted statistically by analysis of variance and test F at 0,05 probability. The time of grazing, rest, feed in the trough, chewing total, feed total, power in minutes/kg DM and rumination in minutes/kg NDF were influenced (P<0,05) the same is not happening with rumination time (P> 0.05), where no effect was observed.The Levels of supplementation influenced (P<0,05) rate bit (Rate/Bit), mass bite (Mas/Bit), tho time by deglutition (Time/ Deglutition) and number of bites per day (Num/Bit/day). The characteristics of rumination not were affected (P>0,05) by supplementation.The number of periods of rest, rumination, and time feeding trough showed effect (P<0,05) of supplementation. The intake of matter dry and fiber detergent neutral (g/ meal), efficiency feeding in kg/DM/time and rumination Kg/NDF/time were influenced (P<0,05) by supplementation. The intake of matter dry of pasture, protein crude, extract ether, fiber detergent neutral corrected for ash and protein and carbohydrate non-fibrous, all expressed in kg per animal day, were influenced (P<0,05) by supplementation in the season dry. The levels of supplementation protein/energy in the season dry improved (P<0,05) the digestibility of matter dry, matter organic, protein crude and carbohydrates total. The variables performances the season dry not were affected (P>0,05) by supplementation. The consumption of matter dry total, matter organic, protein crude, carbohydrate non-fiber and digestible total of nutrients in kg per animal per day were influenced (P<0,05) by mineral supplementation or protein/energy supplementation in season rainy. The supplementation mineral or supplementation protein/energy in season the rainy influenced (P<0,05) the digestibility of matter dry, matter organic, protein, extract ether and carbohydrate non-fibrous. Only the weight body final was influenced (P<0,05) by supplementation mineral or supplementation protein/energy in season the rainy. In relation to performance total, only the weight body final was influenced (P<0,05) by supplementation (dry/water). The supplementation protein/energy in seasons, dry and rainys increased (P<0,05) weight and yield carcass hot, thickness cushion, area ribeye, ratio. The profitability economic of system of supplementation was affected (P<0,05) in the season dry and water. The strategy of supplementation protein/energy with 0,2% of weight body in the season dry and salt mineral of good quality waters allowed better profitability in crossbred steers on pasture finishing shortening the cycle of production.