Propagação “in vitro” de curauá (Ananas erectifolius L.B. Smith).

Abstract

Ananas erectifolius L.B. Smith popularly known as curaua is a Bromeliaceae of high economic interest, especially for the automobile industry, therefore it produces a fiber with similar resistance to the glass. The objective of this research was to develop efficient methodologies for the in vitro propagation of this species. The experiments had been carried through in the Biotechnology of Plants Laboratory from the Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, Belem-Para and in the Bionorte Laboratory Technology of Plants, in Benevides-Para. The sources of used explants were plants from the Embrapa BAG, Belem-Para and in vitro cultivated plants. The research consisted of the stages of asepsis and axillary buds establishment, multiplication shoots multiplication with BAP of stem segments, shoots growth, shoots and rooting without growth regulator using shoots tufts as explants and accelimatization of curaua plants gotten in vitro. For asepsis, was observed minor contamination tax of axillary buds of curaua happened of plant-matrices from field disinfested in NaOCl 2% to the 10 and 15 minutes of immersion and alcohol absence; curaua axillary buds asepsis in alcohol 70% per 5 minutes, followed of NaOCI 2% per 15 minutes provided With minor oxidation percentile; the died tissue minor percentile in curaua axillary buds was gotten NaOCl 2% per 10 minutes. The addition of GA; in culture medium MS + 4,5 mg.L" of BAP in the tested concentrations was dispensable for establishment and development of curaua axillary buds, the addition of 4,5 mg.L" of BAP in culture medium MS, in the initial culture of curaua buds had important paper in the establishment and the initial culture per MS seven + days of curaua axillary buds in culture medium 2 MS, and later for culture medium 4,5 mg.L' of BAP allow buds greater development percentage. Was observed that the the time for induction of curaua shoots occurred in efficient way until the 90 days, the biggest number above of shoots induction occurred in the presence of 3,0 mg.L" of BAP and that BAP of 3,0 mg.L reduced the tax of curaua shoots induction. After 35 days of culture in culture mediums MS and 4 MS, liquids was observed that both can be used for the growth of curaua shoots; during the phase of growth and rooting it had induction of new shoots, mainly, in culture medium MS; the culture medium MS was most favorable to the induction of roots in the shoots of that the culture medium 72 MS. Through biweekly evaluations throughout 60 days was observed that the substrate coconut dust + coconut fiber in the volumetric ratio of 1:1 it was most efficient in the acclimatization of curaua plants gotten in vitro; the time adjusted for growth of the curaua plants in tray is of 65 days of culture e all the used substrates had allowed 100% of survival of the aclimatized curaua plants originated in vitro for formation of plants.