Crescimento e estoque de carbono no dendezeiro híbrido interespecífico BRS - Manicoré em função da idade no Nordeste Paraense, Amazônia Oriental.

Abstract

The cultivation of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis, .Jacq. ), of great importance agroindustrial, has operating period of approximately 25 years, whose commercial production begins to three years, with maximum productivity up to 18 years of age. It is the oil with higher yield potential, with 4 to 6 t of oil/ha/year, surpassing 1.5 times the production of coconut oil and 10 times that of soybean oil. From the 1980s thousands of oil palm plants in large areas have been decimated by various diseases, of which the most damaging was the Fatal Yellowing. It was pointed out, to present biotic or abiotic causes for the occurrence of this disease, beginning to admit that it is physiological in nature. One of the solutions found by researchers was to develop cultivars of interspecific hybrids between caiaué (Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés), the american species and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis. Jacq.), the african species. Experiments with plants of these hybrids has shown resistance to pests and diseases, especially the fatal yellowing, high rate of unsaturated oils and reduced growth of the stem, as occurs in caiaué. This interspecific hybrid was developed in Embrapa Western Amazon (Amazonas), being named BRS Manipur, and cultivated in commercial plantations by DENPASA — Dende of Para SA in the town of Castanhal, Northeast of Pará, Brazil. The DENPASA pioneered plantations of BRS Manicoré, with older plants to the region, which at the time of data collection had eleven years of planting. This study aimed to analyze the growth of BRS Manipur from four to eleven years of age through biometric variables and mass production of dry matter accumulation in different plant organs. Obtaining this information was by the destructive method, which had collected all the shoots, followed by measurement of length and weighed, and samples selected for drying with subsequent weighing. Was obtained as a result of growth variation in plant height lower than the commercial oil palm, which is favorable harvest, reducing its costs associated with production of clusters similar to that produced by the African oil palm, as long as there is pollination assisted. It found greater canopy area when compared to the African oil palm, mainly influenced by the length of the leaves that were recorded more. The dry matter was accumulated primarily in the canopy, especially in the leaves for all ages, followed by stem bunches and at younger ages. After six years of age the highest dry matter production was promoted by the stem.