Fenologia, prospecção fitoquímica e manejo da poda em ramos de Jaborandi (Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf ex Holmes.).

Abstract

Among the plants that have proven medicinal effects, jaborandi (Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf) plant is considered a priority in conservation programs. Among the thirteen species occurring in Brazil, P.microphyllus is known to possess true jaborandi by higher concentrations of pilocarpine in its leaves, an imidazole alkaloid, whose main action occurs in treatment of glaucoma and therefore is the most heavily used. The study aimed to: perform phenological study accesses the Active Germplasm Bank of Jaborandi (BAG- Jaborandi), the phytochemical screening of leaves jaborandi evaluate and compare distances cuts branches to harvest leaves jaborandi. The study area for the assessment of plant material was the Active Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental Jaborandi, located in the municipality of Belém - PA. For phenological assessments, records were collected four hits (Merck grown in full sun and shade, Japanese and Bonal 4 grown in full sun) daily for a period of 24 months, corresponding to the years 2010 to 2012, five plants/ access and arranged for monthly statement through records with respective numbers of plants, with a record of presence or absence of flowering and fruiting phenophases. The determination of the dry weight of the samples of the accessions was performed at the Laboratory of Agro Embrapa Eastern Amazon. In carrying out pruning the same accessions were used. The harvest of leaves was performed manually with the aid of pruning shears, performing - it cuts branches, respectively, 10 and 20 cm away, not to cause physical damage to plants, and also enable its regeneration. The plants of each access, recorded and identified were evaluated every 10 days after the first pruning of the branches, to determine the number of leaves and length of the longest sprout, shoot number, total number of leaves per cutting and regeneration time for the second pruning. The experimental design was completely randomized, factorial involving three experiments. The results showed that flowering occurred throughout the year and fruiting in eleven months of the year. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of 11 classes of chemical constituents. Distances cutting benefited launching new branches without affecting the development of the plant, and from 10 months to perform the pruning of the branches, the system of the unshaded responded with greater efficiency regardless of the distance cut made. Performing consecutive pruning favored leaf production, increasing productivity without harming the plant development.