Restauração de ecossistemas ripários degradados pós-mineração de estanho na Amazônia Central: Dinâmica ecológica e indicadores de restauração.

Abstract

The The restoration of riparian forests degraded by mining represents a significant ecological challenge due to the structural, compositional, and functional alterations that affect these ecosystems. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the ecological indicators used to monitor the restoration of riparian forests in mined areas and to evaluate the vegetation dynamics in riparian ecosystems undergoing active restoration following tin mining in the Central Amazon.Thus, this dissertation was divided into two chapters. The first chapter consisted of a bibliometric analysis of global scientific production published between 1990 and 2024, based on 141 articles from the databases Science Direct, JSTOR, SciELO, SpringerLink, and Wiley Online Library, investigating temporal trends, geographic distribution, restoration methods, and categories of ecological indicators for riparian forests. The results revealed a significant increase in publications starting in 2020, with a predominance of functional indicators and a progressive increase in the integration of compositional, structural, and functional indicators, indicating the consolidation of multidimensional approaches in restoration monitoring.The second chapter evaluated the structural and floristic dynamics of vegetation in eight riparian ecosystems undergoing restoration through seedling planting, with ages ranging from 2.5 to 10 years, compared with a mature reference forest, totaling 58 permanent plots. An increase in diversity and floristic differentiation was observed along the chronosequence, with a predominance of pioneer species in the early stages and greater diversity in intermediate ecosystems. The species Clitoria fairchildiana stood out due to its high increment in diameter and height, evidencing the success of active restoration.The integration of information from the bibliometric analysis and the empirical study demonstrated advances in the use of ecological indicators and confirms the effectiveness of active restoration in recovering structural and floristic attributes, contributing to the improvement of monitoring and restoration strategies for riparian ecosystems degraded by mining.