Desvendando o comércio de peixes no nordeste paraense.

Abstract

The Brazilian Amazon Coast (LAB) has a high biodiversity of aquatic organisms, especially fish. Local fishing activity has an impact on aquatic resources, whether they are targeted by fishing methods (accompanying fauna), and is a global threat to species, especially those threatened with extinction, such as sharks and rays. Even though fish are a nutritionally, economically, and culturally important resource for the Brazilian Amazon, there is a recurring lack of data on the catch and composition of the species sold. Especially in cases where a) more than one species is sold under a single popular name; b) the fish species have high morphological similarity; c) the fish have low commercial value; and d) the fish are sold uncharacterized (without heads, fins, etc.) in the markets, which creates difficulties in identifying and measuring them. The research problem lies in the lack of data on the dynamics of fish marketing in the fish markets of Bragança, Capanema, Castanhal, Salinópolis, and São João de Pirabas. Due to the recurring lack of data on these bycatches, a scientometric survey carried out on the Scopus, Scielo, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases on the shark and ray bycatch fauna resulted in 28 scientific articles published in 21 joumals. We list 28 species of sharks and 14 species of rays cited as being caught in these articles. Of the 40 fish retailers interviewed, the majority were aged between 51 and 60 (32.5%) and between 31 and 40 (22.5%). It can be seen that the fish retail outlets are supplied by middlemen or directly by fishermen firom various fishing locations. For both the dry and rainy seasons, 17 fish were cited as the most frequent. Among the 32 most frequent fish throughout the year, "Gó" (22.4%) and "Bandeirado" (9.2%) were the most frequent. The presence of 43 species of commercialized bony fish was recorded, of which only three species were identified to genus levei due to their high morphological similarity. On the other hand, cartilaginous fish were identified at a specific levei in only two species due to the way they are sold, such as carcasses or types of cut, which makes it difficult to diagnose the species. We also identified two cases of homonymy, one of synonymy, and 12 totally local commercial names. We noticed a predominance of coastal fish sold in coastal towns (71%) and non-coastal towns (66.6%), but an increase in freshwater fish in non-coastal towns due to their case of logistics.