Diversidade de usos de plantas trepadeiras pelos indígenas da aldeia Kriny, Terra Indígena Kayapó, Sudeste Paraense.

Abstract

Amazonian indigenous peoples use plant species for different purposes, such as medicinal, food, ritualistic and material, among others. This study aimed to understand and document the diversity of uses, cultural and medicinal importance of akrô, the name given to climbing plants, in the daily life of the Mebêngôkre-Kayapó. The research was conducted in two phases: in the first, with the participation of two collaborators, the guided tour tool was used to record ethnobotanical information about climbing plants and collect botanical specimens. In the next phase, the checklist-interview method was used with ten new participants who contributed to confirm and expand the data previously obtained. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed, using the Relative Importance Index (RI) and the Level of Fidelity (FL) for medicinal species. Indications for use were categorized according to ICPC-2. The first chapter presents results related to 52 identified species, belonging to 42 genera and 23 families. Among these, the most representative was Bignoniaceae (10 spp.). There was a predominance of woody vines (51,92%). The fickle mechanism is present in 51,92% of the recorded species. Akrô are found in six environments; half of them are, at the same time, spontaneous and cultivated. Among the six categories of use, the most cited was medicinal (98,07%). The second chapter deals with the 51 medicinal species identified, distributed in 42 genera and 23 families, with Bignoniaceae being the most representative (10 spp.). The spontaneous species represent 43% and 51% are, concomitantly, spontaneous and cultivated in six environments. Regarding the habit, the medicinal species are predominantly woody vines (50,98%). The fickle type was the most frequent escalation mechanism (51,92%). The main indication of the plants was for the treatment of diseases in the General and non-specific health category (22,58%). The leaves were most used (30,67%) and tea stood out among the preparation methods (41,18%). The most versatile species were Mascagnia sepium (A.Juss.) Griseb. (IR=2.00) and Pleonotoma sp. (IR=1.82). Adenocalymma flaviflorum (Miq.) L.G.Lohmann, Fridericia sp., Distimake macrocalyx (Ruiz & Pav.) A.R. Simões & Staples and Phaseolus lunatus L. had high fidelity levels (100%). This study highlights the importance of protecting both biodiversity and ancestral knowledge, ensuring that these traditional practices continue to promote sustainability and preserve the cultural identity of indigenous populations.